curl: fix HTTPS network timeouts with OpenSSL

Backport an upstream change to fix HTTPS timeouts with OpenSSL.
Upstream curl bug #1174.

Signed-off-by: Stijn Segers <francesco.borromini@inventati.org>
[Jo-Philipp Wich: reword commit message, rename patch to 001-*]
Signed-off-by: Jo-Philipp Wich <jo@mein.io>